Illinois is a haven for hawk enthusiasts, offering a glimpse into the majestic world of these powerful birds of prey. From the soaring Red-tailed Hawk to the agile Cooper’s Hawk, each species contributes to the state’s vibrant ecosystem, controlling populations of small mammals and birds. Whether gliding over grasslands or darting through dense forests, hawks in Illinois showcase incredible hunting skills and adaptability. With diverse habitats like woodlands, wetlands, and open fields, Illinois provides endless opportunities for birdwatchers to marvel at these raptors. Grab your binoculars and explore the skies to witness their grace and power!
Table of Contents
Types of Hawks in Illinois
1. Red-tailed Hawk
The Red-tailed Hawk (Buteo jamaicensis) is one of the most widespread hawks in Illinois. Easily recognizable by its reddish-brown tail and broad wings, this species thrives in a variety of habitats, including open fields, woodlands, and even urban areas. They are known for their sharp eyesight and powerful hunting skills, often preying on small mammals like mice and rabbits.It is also found in many other states of North America.
Identification Tips:
- Large size, with a wingspan of about 4 feet.
- Distinctive red tail visible in adults.
- Loud, piercing scream often heard in movies.
Best Places to Spot:
- Forest preserves
- Farmlands
- Suburban neighborhoods
2. Cooper’s Hawk
The Cooper’s Hawk (Accipiter cooperii) is a medium-sized hawk known for its agility and speed. These hawks are adept at navigating through dense forests as they hunt for smaller birds. They are a common sight in Illinois’s wooded areas and suburban backyards, particularly near bird feeders.
Identification Tips:
- Slender body with rounded wings and a long tail.
- Grayish-blue back and reddish barring on the chest.
- Swift, agile flight patterns.
Best Places to Spot:
- Forested areas
- Residential neighborhoods
3. Sharp-shinned Hawk
Similar in appearance to the Cooper’s Hawk, the Sharp-shinned Hawk (Accipiter striatus) is slightly smaller and just as nimble. These hawks are also forest dwellers and can often be seen darting through trees in pursuit of songbirds. They are more commonly observed during migration periods.
Identification Tips:
- Small size, with a wingspan of about 20-27 inches.
- Square-shaped tail and thin legs.
- Dark cap and reddish barring on the chest.
Best Places to Spot:
- Woodlands
- Hawk migration observation sites
4. Red-shouldered Hawk
The Red-shouldered Hawk (Buteo lineatus) is a striking bird with vibrant plumage and a distinct call. These hawks prefer riparian habitats, such as wooded areas near rivers and streams. Their diet consists of small mammals, amphibians, and reptiles.
Identification Tips:
- Medium size, with reddish shoulders and barred underparts.
- Distinctive loud, repetitive call.
Best Places to Spot:
- Bottomland forests
- River valleys
5. Northern Harrier
The Northern Harrier (Circus hudsonius) is unique among Illinois hawks for its low, gliding flight over grasslands and marshes. With its owl-like face and long wings, this hawk is specially adapted for hunting in open habitats.
Identification Tips:
- Long tail and wings, with a white patch on the rump.
- Males are gray, while females are brown.
- Flight style: low and slow over fields.
Best Places to Spot:
- Grasslands
- Wetlands
- Prairie restoration sites
6. Broad-winged Hawk
A migratory species, the Broad-winged Hawk (Buteo platypterus) is a summer visitor to Illinois. These hawks are best known for their spectacular group migrations, called “kettles,” where hundreds can be seen spiraling upwards in the sky.
Identification Tips:
- Compact size, with broad wings and a short tail.
- Striped tail and reddish-brown chest.
Best Places to Spot:
- Forested areas during summer
- Hawk watching sites during migration
7. Rough-legged Hawk
The Rough-legged Hawk (Buteo lagopus) is a winter visitor to Illinois. These hawks prefer open fields and marshes, often seen hovering while hunting for small mammals. Their feathered legs, which extend down to their toes, help them endure cold temperatures.
Identification Tips:
- Large size, with a wingspan of 4-5 feet.
- Light-colored head and dark belly band.
- Feathers covering their legs.
Best Places to Spot:
- Agricultural fields
- Marshlands
8. Swainson’s Hawk
The Swainson’s Hawk (Buteo swainsoni) is a rare visitor to Illinois, typically spotted during migration. Known for their long migrations to South America, these hawks often form large groups during their travels.
Identification Tips:
- Medium size with long, narrow wings.
- Light underside with a dark chest band.
- Pale face and dark flight feathers.
Best Places to Spot:
- Open grasslands
- Migration hotspots
9. Ferruginous Hawk
The Ferruginous Hawk (Buteo regalis) is the largest hawk in North America and an occasional visitor to Illinois. Known for its striking appearance and impressive wingspan, this hawk prefers open areas where it can hunt for small mammals.
Identification Tips:
- Large size with a wingspan of up to 5 feet.
- Rust-colored feathers on the back and legs.
- Light underparts with dark markings.
Best Places to Spot:
- Open grasslands
- Prairie regions
10. Northern Goshawk
The Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) is a rare and elusive hawk in Illinois, typically found in heavily forested areas. Known for its fierce hunting skills, it preys on a variety of animals, including birds and small mammals.
Identification Tips:
- Large size with broad wings and a long tail.
- Slate-gray back and finely barred underparts.
- Intense red eyes in adults.
Best Places to Spot:
- Dense forests
- Remote wooded areas
Conclusion
Illinois’s rich natural landscapes provide a haven for these incredible hawks. Whether you’re a seasoned birder or a casual nature enthusiast, observing these raptors in their natural habitats is an unforgettable experience. Pack your binoculars, visit the state’s diverse habitats, and marvel at the beauty and power of these aerial predators.
